Random electrical energy that can interfere with electronic equipment and signals is known as what?

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) refers to the unwanted noise or signals produced by electrical devices and systems that can disrupt the normal operation of electronic equipment. This interference can come from various sources, including other electronic devices, radio frequency transmissions, and even natural phenomena like lightning. EMI can degrade the quality of the signals in communication systems, leading to data loss, reduced performance, and malfunctioning of equipment. Understanding EMI is critical in the design and implementation of electronics and communication systems to ensure proper shielding and grounding to mitigate its effects.

The other options do not accurately represent the broad and specific nature of interference caused by electromagnetic phenomena. Interference voltage typically refers to voltage irregularities caused by interference, but does not encompass the wider concept of EMI. Signal distortion describes changes in an electrical signal, which might be caused by various factors but doesn't specifically define the interference's origin. A power surge pertains to a sudden spike in electrical voltage rather than a random variation affecting signals and devices. Thus, EMI stands out as the correct designation for the kind of interference described in the question.